CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

TL;DR

View CSAF Summary ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness. The following versions of CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities are affected: ATN-B1 CPDLC vers:all/* (CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413) CVSS Standard Equipment Vulnerabilities

v3 7.1 Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Global Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2025-71409 Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency. View CVE Details Affected Products CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Standard: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications Product Version: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* Product Status: known_affected Remediations None available Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413. Mitigation These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

What Happened

CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities, reported by CISA.

View CSAF Summary ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness. The following versions of CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities are affected: ATN-B1 CPDLC vers:all/* (CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413) CVSS Standard Equipment Vulnerabilities

v3 7.1 Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions

Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Global Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2025-71409 Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency. View CVE Details Affected Products CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Standard: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications Product Version: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* Product Status: known_affected Remediations None available Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413. Mitigation These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

For the full technical details, see the original report.

Why It Matters for Businesses

This development could affect organizations that rely on the impacted technologies or services. Unpatched systems, misconfigured infrastructure, or lack of monitoring can leave businesses exposed to exploitation, data breaches, and regulatory penalties.

How to Check Your Exposure

Run a free scan on NEL Professional's Cyber Risk Scanner to check whether your domain is affected. The scan covers SSL/TLS, security headers, DNS configuration, email authentication, and more across 16 modules.

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Mitigation Steps

• Patch immediately, Apply vendor patches or updates as soon as they are available.
• Review configurations, Check firewall rules, access controls, and security headers.
• Monitor logs, Watch for indicators of compromise (IOCs) related to this threat.
• Update security policies, Ensure incident response plans cover this type of threat.
• Run a security scan, Use automated tools to verify your exposure.

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